Acidic oceans will reduce sea life, says study 研究說(shuō)酸性化海洋會(huì)導(dǎo)致海洋生物減少

學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

有關(guān)“biology 生物學(xué)”的詞匯

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Which sea creature could have its population reduced by a quarter if levels of CO2 are left to rise in the sea?

文字稿

Here is the effect of carbon dioxide on sea water. These bubbles contain natural CO2 from an underwater volcano in Papua New Guinea. Few sea creatures can live here because the CO2 has made nearby water more acidic. Swim away from those vents, and what a difference.

The sea's chemistry returns to normal. And wonderful reef life can thrive. But industrial society is churning out CO2 on a massive scale. And the gas is being absorbed into seawater round the world, making it all more acidic.

Dr Simon Boxall, Oceanographer
This comprehensive study confirms what we have been observing globally. Ocean suffocation is a problem. Acidity is increasing, and that's not just having an impact on the ecology which we're seeing already. But it will have an impact on us as humans further down the line.

Take one fish we love to eat, cod. The research shows that baby cod are especially sensitive to more acidic water. It projects that if CO2 levels rise unchecked, we should expect only a quarter as many cod in the seas. Some species will thrive with the changes, the scientists say, like some seaweeds. But the report warns that all sea life will be affected by the disruption of the food web in the seas.

這就是二氧化碳對(duì)海水產(chǎn)生的影響。這些氣泡中含有巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞的一座海底火山所產(chǎn)生的天然二氧化碳。幾乎沒(méi)有海洋生物能在這里得以生存，這是因?yàn)槎趸际垢浇乃蛩峄?。如果你游離這些排出二氧化碳的氣孔，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)海水環(huán)境大有不同。

海水的化學(xué)性質(zhì)會(huì)變回正常值。礁類生物能夠繁盛生長(zhǎng)。但工業(yè)社會(huì)正在大規(guī)模且快速地產(chǎn)出二氧化碳，而廢氣則被世界各處的海水所吸收，導(dǎo)致海洋酸化愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。

西蒙·伯克斯?fàn)柌┦?nbsp;海洋學(xué)家
這項(xiàng)綜合性研究證實(shí)了已在全球范圍內(nèi)被觀察到的現(xiàn)象。因海水脫氧而造成的“海洋窒息”是一個(gè)急需解決的問(wèn)題。我們已經(jīng)看到，日益升高的海水酸度影響到了生態(tài)環(huán)境。但除此之外，在未來(lái)，它還會(huì)波及人類自身。

就拿我們愛(ài)吃的鱈魚(yú)來(lái)打個(gè)比方吧。該研究顯示，鱈魚(yú)幼崽對(duì)酸性更高的水體格外敏感。據(jù)推測(cè)，如果持續(xù)升高的二氧化碳水平得不到遏制，未來(lái)鱈魚(yú)的數(shù)量將減至目前的四分之一?？茖W(xué)家們說(shuō)，有些海洋物種并不會(huì)受到這一變化的影響，仍會(huì)茂盛地生長(zhǎng)，比如海藻。但該報(bào)告提醒人們，一旦海洋食物網(wǎng)遭到破壞，所有海洋生物都會(huì)受到影響。

詞匯

creatures
生物

thrive
茁壯、茂盛地生長(zhǎng)

ecology
生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，生態(tài)環(huán)境 

species
物種

food web
食物網(wǎng)

你知道嗎？

Around 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans. Despite this, it is estimated that 95% of the world’s oceans and 99% of the ocean floor are unexplored. This is due to the difficulty, time and cost needed to do so.

地球表面約70%的部分都被海洋覆蓋。盡管如此，據(jù)估計(jì)，世界海洋的95%及海底的99%仍未經(jīng)勘查。這是由于考察的難度大、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)和所需成本高。

問(wèn)題答案

According to this research, if CO2 levels rise unchecked, we should expect only a quarter as many cod in the seas.