Raw milk 生鮮奶

學習要點

有關 “dairy products 奶制品” 的詞匯

邊看邊答

How much has the demand for raw milk increased in the past five years?

文字稿

Like his father and grandfather before him, Johnny Crickmore is a dairy farmer. But trying to make money from milk these days has never been harder. So at the moment, around 40% of his production is focused on raw milk sold directly to the public.

就像他的父親和祖父一樣，約翰尼·克里克莫爾是一個奶農。但如今，靠牛奶賺錢的日子著實不易。所以目前克里克莫爾將 40% 的生產力集中在直接向公眾出售生鮮奶。

The milk we buy normally is pasteurised, heated to destroy any harmful bacteria it may contain. Producing raw milk means hygiene standards have to be high.

我們平時購買的大多是經過巴氏滅菌法消毒過的牛奶，這種方法通過對生奶加熱而殺死奶中可能含有的有害細菌。生產生鮮奶的衛(wèi)生標準要求很高。

Jonny Crickmore, Dairy farmer
The thing you do is want to have a visual look at the milk. Make sure it's the right colour and there's nothing… no infection in the cow's quarter. Secondly you would use this surgery disinfectant. That goes on the cow's teat and then you go over it afterwards with this wood wool. And that will get the teat as clean as you could possibly get it before you put the unit on.

約翰尼·克里克莫爾 奶農
首先，我們需要看一看牛奶，以確保顏色正常，乳房也沒有感染。其次，要使用這種手術用的消毒劑。這用在牛的乳頭上，之后再用這個木棉把它擦一遍。這樣就能在安上這個裝置之前盡可能地把乳頭擦干凈。

The past five years have seen an explosion in the demand for raw milk - a fivefold increase from around six hundred thousand litres in 2012 to more than three million last year. Now, the Food Standards Agency is undergoing a consultation looking at how the burgeoning industry should be controlled.

在過去五年里，生鮮奶的需求激增，從 2012 年的 60 萬升增長到去年的 300 多萬升，增長了五倍。目前，英國食品標準局正在就如何管控這個新興產業(yè)進行商討。

Dr Kevin Hargin, Food Standards Agency
Between 2015 and 2017, there were five outbreaks related to raw drinking milk and involving over 100 people and many of them were children as well. And we had quite a few hospitalisations from those outbreaks as well. So it is a risky product.

凱文·哈因博士 英國食品標準局
在 2015 至 2017 年間，英國發(fā)生了五起與生鮮奶有關的疫情，涉及 100 多人，其中許多是兒童。他們當中一些人還接受了住院治療。所以這是一個有風險的產品。

Direct farm sales mean raw drinking milk is measured not in food miles but in food feet, but it being allowed to travel further afield to shops and larger retailers remains a fair distance away.

因為農場直接銷售生奶，所以生牛奶不存在 “食物里程數(shù)” 的問題，但允許將生奶售往更遠的商店和更大的零售商那里，尚需時日。

詞匯

dairy farmer 奶農

raw milk 生鮮奶，生牛奶

pasteurised 經過巴氏滅菌法消毒的牛奶

teat （雌性哺乳動物的）乳頭

問題答案

In the past five years, the demand for raw milk has increased fivefold.