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聽(tīng)眾 Evelyne 想知道單詞 “being” 的含義和用法?！癇eing” 既可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞。作名詞時(shí)用法多樣，比如，在搭配 “human being”、“came into being” 和 “my entire being” 當(dāng)中，“being” 的意思都不同。此外，“being” 還是助動(dòng)詞 “be” 的現(xiàn)在分詞。聽(tīng)節(jié)目，學(xué)習(xí) “being” 的常見(jiàn)用法。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。請(qǐng)通過(guò)微博 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

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（關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。）

Jiaying
大家好，歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.

Roy
And I'm Roy. Welcome!

Jiaying
本期節(jié)目的問(wèn)題來(lái)自聽(tīng)眾 Evelyne，問(wèn)題是這樣的：

Question
你好！能否講解一下 “being” 的意思和用法？謝謝！

Roy
This is an excellent question, Evelyne, thank you. 'Being' is more frequently used as a verb, but it can also be a noun. Jiaying, shall we start with the noun?

Jiaying
好的。就如同 Roy 說(shuō)的，“being” 作名詞的使用頻率要略低于它作動(dòng)詞的使用頻率，但因?yàn)槊~ “being” 的近義詞不多，所以確實(shí)有必要來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下它的用法?！癇eing” 的第一個(gè)名詞含義是 “生物，生命”。

Roy
Yes, with this meaning it's a countable noun and we often use it with the adjectives 'living' or 'human' before it.

Jiaying
在表達(dá)這個(gè)含義時(shí)，“being” 是可數(shù)名詞。常見(jiàn)搭配有 “l(fā)iving being（生命，生物）”、“human being（人類(lèi)）”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
Many people want to know if there are living beings on other planets.
（許多人想知道其它星球上是否存在生命。）

Human beings are social creatures – we need the company of others.
（人類(lèi)是社會(huì)動(dòng)物，我們需要他人的陪伴。）

Jiaying
接下來(lái)，看看 “being” 的第二個(gè)名詞用法 —— “存在，生存”。這里，“being” 不可數(shù)，常用于不同的搭配中，談?wù)撌挛?“開(kāi)始存在的一刻”。

Roy
Exactly! This can be quite a formal use of 'being' and you'll often hear it used with the verbs 'come' or 'bring', followed by 'into'. Let's listen to those in examples now.

Examples
The European Union came into being in 1993.
（歐盟成立于1993年。）

When the new railroad is built, it will bring many new towns into being.
（當(dāng)這條新鐵路建成時(shí)，將衍生多座新城鎮(zhèn)。）

Jiaying
在第一個(gè)例句中，搭配 “came into being” 的意思是 “成立了”；在第二個(gè)例句中，搭配 “bring something into being” 的意思是 “使存在”。

下面，我們看 “being” 的第三個(gè)名詞含義 —— “人的本質(zhì)、本性”，是不可數(shù)名詞，用來(lái)夸張地強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心的感受。

Roy
Yes! We use 'being' with this meaning to say that we feel something strongly. And because we're often talking about our own feelings, it's common to hear this use in the first person with 'my being'.

Jiaying
因?yàn)槊~ “being” 多用來(lái)談?wù)撟陨淼母惺埽栽诘谝蝗朔Q(chēng)的句子中常聽(tīng)到搭配 “my being（全心全意地，打心底地）”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
I love my children with my entire being.
（我全身心地愛(ài)我的孩子們。）

I knew Ruth was lying – I could feel it in the core of my being.
（我知道露絲當(dāng)時(shí)在說(shuō)謊，我從內(nèi)心深處感覺(jué)到了這一點(diǎn)。）

Jiaying
下面，我們來(lái)看看 “being” 的動(dòng)詞用法。

Roy
Let's do it! 'Being' is the present participle of 'be' and, as you probably know, we use the verb 'be' a lot in English!

Jiaying
We do! 作現(xiàn)在分詞使用時(shí)，“being” 用在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。雖然助動(dòng)詞 “be” 后面接現(xiàn)在分詞 “being” 的句式乍一看有點(diǎn)怪，但我們可以用它來(lái)描述某人一時(shí)的行為。注意，助動(dòng)詞 “be” 會(huì)因主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和句子的時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生變化。

Roy
Yes, it may seem strange but it's how we describe someone's temporary behaviour. These examples might help.

Examples
My professor was being very kind to me yesterday – she knew I wasn't feeling well.
（我的教授昨天對(duì)我很體貼，她知道我身體不舒服。）

David, please stop kicking my seat – you're being very annoying!
（大衛(wèi)，請(qǐng)你別再踢我的座位了，你這樣很煩人?。?

Jiaying
我們還可以在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中使用現(xiàn)在分詞 “being”。相信大家已經(jīng)知道，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是未知的或不重要的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ) + be 動(dòng)詞 + 過(guò)去分詞。注意，be 動(dòng)詞隨時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)變化。

Roy
So when we use the past continuous or present continuous in the passive, for example, we need to use 'being'. 'Being' will have the verb 'be' before it, and the past participle of the main verb after it. Here are two examples of that.

Examples
Two people were being arrested as I walked past the supermarket yesterday.
（昨天我經(jīng)過(guò)超市時(shí)，有兩個(gè)人被逮捕了。）

My son takes swimming lessons. He's being taught how to do backstroke at the moment.
（我兒子上游泳課。他正在學(xué)習(xí)如何仰泳。）

Jiaying
我們還可以在從句或句子的開(kāi)頭使用 “being”，來(lái)解釋一件事情或說(shuō)明某人做一件事情的原因。

Roy
In this case, 'being' is often followed by a noun or an adjective, and it can be the only verb in the clause. Here are your examples.

Examples
Adam didn't use to be very good at sharing his toys, being an only child.
（作為獨(dú)生子，亞當(dāng)過(guò)去不愿意把他的玩具分給其他人玩。）

Being old, my grandparents tend to stay at home.
（由于年事已高，我祖父母通常留在家里。）

Jiaying
希望在聽(tīng)了以上的講解后，聽(tīng)眾 Evelyne 對(duì)單詞 “being” 的主要用法有了更深的理解。

Roy
Yes, and thank you again for the very useful question. Don't forget that anyone listening can send in their questions, too!

Jiaying
我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。你也可以發(fā)郵件給我們，郵箱地址是：questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 謝謝收聽(tīng) “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。我是佳瑩。我們下次再會(huì)！

Roy
Until next time, bye-bye.

Jiaying
Goodbye, everyone.