有研究稱，低矮灌木、草地以及其它生長(zhǎng)在北極地區(qū)的植物正變得越來(lái)越高。這一結(jié)果來(lái)自一位分析過(guò)三十年植物測(cè)量資料的科學(xué)家。該數(shù)據(jù)是從阿拉斯加、加拿大、冰島、斯堪的納維亞和俄羅斯等地采集到的，它表明是氣候變暖推動(dòng)了這一變化。

文字稿

You have to be pretty hardy to flourish in the Arctic, and those plants that do tend to live just a few centimetres above the ground. But the cold north in recent decades, has seen some of the fastest rates of warming on the planet and the flora have reacted accordingly.

能在北極茁壯生長(zhǎng)的植物得相當(dāng)耐寒，而這類植物距離地面的高度往往只有幾厘米而已。但近數(shù)十年來(lái)，寒冷的北極地區(qū)的升溫速度極快，已躋身于地球各地前列，而這里的植物群也相應(yīng)地受到了影響。

It's not just that existing shrubs and grasses have increased their stature, although that is the case, but rather that taller species are now moving into areas they never used to grow in large numbers. This shift has repercussions, an international team reports in the journal Nature. Taller Arctic plants trap more snow around them, insulating the ground from cold air. And that'll speed up the thawing of permanently frozen soils, releasing their carbon into the atmosphere. It's a feedback that should further warm the climate.

問(wèn)題不僅僅在于現(xiàn)有灌木和草地的高度有所增長(zhǎng)，雖然確實(shí)如此，而更在于原本就較高的植物種類正大規(guī)模地向其從未生長(zhǎng)過(guò)的地域移動(dòng)。據(jù)一支國(guó)際團(tuán)隊(duì)在期刊《自然》上發(fā)表的報(bào)告稱，該變化造成了負(fù)面的影響。較高的北極植物會(huì)在其周?chē)孀「嗟难?，使地表與冷空氣隔絕。這樣一來(lái)就加快了永久凍土的解凍過(guò)程，并向大氣層釋放碳。這是一種會(huì)使氣候進(jìn)一步變暖的反應(yīng)。

Isla Myers-Smith from the University of Edinburgh says that on current trends, the centimetres-tall Arctic plants could double in size by the end of the century. What sets this study apart is its scale – more than 60,000 plant measurements all across northern latitudes. And that's just the modern data – the research also lent on decades of previous observations.

來(lái)自英國(guó)愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)的艾拉·邁爾·史密斯說(shuō)，照目前的趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，數(shù)厘米高的北極植物數(shù)量有可能在本世紀(jì)末前翻一番。該研究的獨(dú)特之處在于其規(guī)模之大，它囊括了六萬(wàn)多個(gè)來(lái)自北緯各地區(qū)的測(cè)量結(jié)果。而這還只是現(xiàn)代數(shù)據(jù)，該研究還借鑒了過(guò)去數(shù)十年間的觀察資料。

1. 詞匯表

hardy 耐寒的
flourish 茂盛生長(zhǎng)
flora 植物群
stature 高度
repercussions 負(fù)面的影響
insulating 使隔熱，使隔離
thawing 解凍
current trends 當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)
northern latitudes 北緯地區(qū)
observations 觀察結(jié)果、觀察資料

2. 閱讀理解：請(qǐng)?jiān)谧x完上文后，回答下列問(wèn)題 。 

1. What has caused plants in the Arctic to grow taller?

2. True or false? Plants that are new to the area are growing taller than existing shrubs and grasses.

3. What is causing the permanently frozen soil to thaw?

4. Why is this particular study so special?

3. 答案

1. What has caused plants in the Arctic to grow taller?
This area of the world has seen some of the fastest rates of warming on the planet and the flora have reacted accordingly.

2. True or false? Plants that are new to the area are growing taller than existing shrubs and grasses.
False. Taller species are moving into areas that never used to grow in large numbers. But also, existing shrubs and grasses have also increased their stature.

3. What is causing the permanently frozen soil to thaw?
Snow trapped around the Arctic plants is insulating the ground from cold air, which is helping to thaw the permanently frozen soils.

4. Why is this particular study so special?
What sets this study apart – or makes it so special - is its scale. More than 60,000 plant measurements all across northern latitudes.