頂尖心理學(xué)家警告說(shuō)，性別偏見(jiàn)使許多患有注意缺陷多動(dòng)障礙（又稱多動(dòng)癥）的女性無(wú)法被確診。

Research suggests ADHD is three to four times more likely to be detected in childhood in boys as they tend to exhibit more disruptive behaviours.

研究表明，多動(dòng)癥在男孩童年時(shí)期被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性比在女孩童年時(shí)期高出三到四倍，因?yàn)槟泻⑼憩F(xiàn)出更具擾亂性的行為。

The symptoms in girls tend to be more subtle: less hyperactive, more inattentive. The diagnoses gap between males and females appears to shrink in adulthood, but psychologists say the bias can remain.

女孩的癥狀往往不大明顯：她們沒(méi)那么多動(dòng)亢奮，而是更多地表現(xiàn)在注意力不集中。成年后，男性和女性之間的診斷差距似乎縮小了，但心理學(xué)家指出，這一偏見(jiàn)可能仍然存在。

The ADHD Foundation says increased awareness is needed in health and educational settings about how the condition can present differently. A late diagnosis can negatively impact on relationships, careers, and mental health.

注意缺陷多動(dòng)障礙基金會(huì)表示，人們需要提高醫(yī)療和教育領(lǐng)域?qū)@種疾病的認(rèn)識(shí)，明白它有不同的臨床表現(xiàn)。延遲診斷可能會(huì)給人際關(guān)系、職業(yè)和心理健康帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。

In England, NICE guidance has been updated to make it easier for doctors to detect women and girls with ADHD. Work to improve neurodevelopmental services is underway in Scotland and Wales. But there are currently no dedicated services for adults with ADHD in Northern Ireland.

在英格蘭，國(guó)家衛(wèi)生與保健優(yōu)化研究所（The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence）已經(jīng)更新指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，使醫(yī)生更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)患有多動(dòng)癥的女性和女孩。蘇格蘭和威爾士正在努力改善其神經(jīng)發(fā)育領(lǐng)域的服務(wù)。但在北愛(ài)爾蘭，目前還沒(méi)有專門提供給患有多動(dòng)癥的成年人的服務(wù)。

詞匯表

detected 被發(fā)現(xiàn)
exhibit 表現(xiàn)出
disruptive 擾亂性的，破壞性的
subtle 微妙的，不明顯的
hyperactive 過(guò)于亢奮的，過(guò)于活躍的
inattentive 注意力不集中的
shrink （差距）縮減
awareness 意識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)
neurodevelopmental 神經(jīng)發(fā)育的

閱讀理解：請(qǐng)?jiān)谧x完上文后，回答下列問(wèn)題。

1. How many times more likely is the discovery of ADHD in boys than girls during childhood?

2. True or false? The usual symptoms of ADHD in girls tend to be more subtle.

3. What potential issues are mentioned in people whose ADHD is diagnosed later on in life?

4. At the time of this article, which part of the UK currently has no dedicated services related to ADHD for adults?

答案  

1. How many times more likely is the discovery of ADHD in boys than girls during childhood?
Research suggests ADHD is three to four times more likely to be detected in childhood in boys as they tend to exhibit more disruptive behaviours.

2. True or false? The usual symptoms of ADHD in girls tend to be more subtle.
True. The symptoms in girls tend to be more subtle: less hyperactive, more inattentive.

3. What potential issues are mentioned in people whose ADHD is diagnosed later on in life?
A late diagnosis can negatively impact on relationships, careers, and mental health.

4. At the time of this article, which part of the UK currently has no dedicated services related to ADHD for adults?
There are currently no dedicated services for adults with ADHD in Northern Ireland.